Grammar - Present Perfect Continuous

Present perfect continuous

It has been raining.

Is it raining?
No, but the ground is wet.
It has been raining.

Form
Have/has been -ing is the present perfect continuous:
l/we/they/you have (= I've etc.)            been       doing  
he/she/it has (= he's etc.)                      been        waiting

Usage

We use the present perfect continuous for an activity that has recently stopped or just stopped.

It began raining two hours ago and it is still raining.
How long has it been raining?
It has been raining for two hours.
We use the present perfect continuous in this way especially
with how long, for ... and since ... . The activity is still
happening (as in this example) or has just stopped.

You can use the present perfect continuous for actions repeated over a period of time:
Alia is a very good tennis player. She's been playing since she was eight.
Every morning they meet in the same cafe. They've been going there for years.

Compare I am doing and I have been doing:
I am doing - present continuous - now
Don't disturb me now. f'm working.
We need an umbrella. It's raining.
Hurry up! We're waiting.

I have been doing - present perfect continuous
I've been working hard. Now I'm going to have a break.
The ground is wet. It's been raining.
We've been waiting for an hour.

To make the negative, just add 'not':
Negative                                                        Negative Short Form
I have not been walking                             I haven't been walking 
you have not been running                        you haven't been running

How to make the question?
just put 'have' or 'has' before the subject:
'Yes / No' Questions
have I been walking?
have you been running?
has he been cooking?

For 'wh' questions put the question word first:
what have I been doing?
where have you been running?
what has he been studying?
why has she been working today?

Key words: all day, how long, for, since