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Friday, September 13, 2019

Basic Concepts of English Grammar (2)

Complement
A word or phrase that follows a
LINKING VERB and describes the
SUBJECT (e.g. Linda is a lawyer) or
OBJECT (e.g. I found the food inedible).

Completion
A completion is an ADVERBIAL or
PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE w h i c h
completes the meaning of a verb.
Some verbs need a completion (e.g.
The disease originated in Britain;
'The disease originated' would be
incomplete).

Compound
A compound noun consists of two or
more words together used as a noun
(e.g. a language school). A compound
adjective consists of two or more
words together used as an adjective
(e.g. They were well-behaved).

Conditional
A conditional clause usually starts
with 'if, but other patterns are
possible (e.g. Had it not rained,
England would have won). A
conditional sentence is one
containing a conditional clause.

Conjunction
A word such as and, but, if, while,
after, because which connects words,
phrases, or clauses in a sentence.

Countable
A countable noun can be both
singular and plural (e.g. cup/cups).
An uncountable noun doesn't have a
plural form (e.g. electricity, but not
'electricities').

Determiner
A word that goes in front of a noun to
identify what the noun refers to (e.g.
this, some, the, a/an, each, all, my).

Direct speech
Speech that is written using the exact
words of the speaker, without any
changes. Compare REPORTED SPEECH.

Dynamic verb
A verb that describes an action (e.g.
walk, throw). Compare STATE VERB.

Finite verb
A verb that has a tense (e.g. She
waited; She is waiting for you). Nonfinite
verb forms are INFINITIVES
(e.g. He came to see me) and
PARTICIPLE forms (e.g. Shouting
loudly, I was able to make myself
heard; Born in Germany, he now
lives in France).

Imperative
An imperative clause uses the BARE
INFINITIVE form of a verb for such
things as giving orders and making
suggestions (e.g. Go to bed!).

Infinitive
The form of a verb that usually goes
after 'to'. The form can be either the
to-infinitive (e.g. to sing, to eat) or
the bare infinitive (e.g. sing, eat).

Intransitive verb
A verb that doesn't take an object
(e.g. She smiled). Compare
TRANSITIVE VERB.

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